![]() T11 Express opened in 2017, and T9 opened in 2021. Lines T5 and T7, opened in 2013 while T6 and T8 opened in 2014. The first of the new generation of trams in Paris, the current Line T1, opened in 1992, with Line T2 opening in 1997 and Lines T3 and T4 in 2006. The funicular that operated in Belleville from 1891 to 1924 is sometimes erroneously thought of as a tramway, but was actually a cable car system. Originally horse-powered, Paris trams used steam, as well as later pneumatic engines, then electricity. The last of these first generation tram lines inside of Paris, connecting Porte de Saint-Cloud to Porte de Vincennes, was closed in 1937, and the last line in the entire Paris agglomeration, running between Le Raincy and Montfermeil, ended its service on 14 August 1938. In the 1930s, the oil and automobile industry lobbies put pressure on the Paris Police Prefecture to remove tram tracks and make room for cars. ![]() In 1925 the network had a 1,111 km (690 mi) length, with 122 lines. History Trams of the former network, seen near the Pont au Change in central Parisįrom 1855 to 1938, Paris was served by an extensive tramway network, predating the Paris Métro by nearly a half-century. Lines T4, T11 Express, and T13 Express are tram-trains, sharing tracks with main-line railways, and are operated by the French national rail operator SNCF as part of its Transilien regional rail network (except Line T11 Express which is operated by SNCF's subsubsidiary Transkeo). Furthermore, while most lines use conventional steel-wheel rolling stock, two lines (T5 and T6) use rubber-tired trams. Most lines (with the exceptions of lines T4, T9, T11 Express, and T13 Express) are operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), which also operates the Paris Métro and most bus services in the Paris immediate area. (The prefix "T" in tram line numbers avoids confusion with the numbering of Paris Métro lines.) ![]() However, the final design of the entire planned tram network is fairly integrated. While lines operate independently of each other and are generally unconnected, some connections do exist: between lines T2 and T3a (at the Porte de Versailles station, since 2009), T3a and T3b (at the Porte de Vincennes station, since 2012), T1 and T5 (at the Marché de Saint-Denis station, since 2013), T1 and T8 (at the Saint-Denis train station, since 2014), T8 and T11 Express (at two stations: Villetaneuse-Université and Épinay-sur-Seine, since 2017), T3a and T9 (at the Porte de Choisy station, since 2021) and T6 and T10 (at Hôpital Béclère, since 2023). Although the system mainly runs in the suburban regions of Paris, lines T3a and T3b run entirely within Paris city limits, while lines T2 and T9 start their routes within Paris' borders. Thirteen lines are currently operational (counting Lines T3a and T3b as separate lines), with extensions and additional lines in both construction and planning stages. The Île-de-France tramways ( French: Tramways d'Île-de-France) is a network of modern tram lines in the Île-de-France region of France. Tram on Line T3a on green track in front of the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Parisġ,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1⁄ 2 in) standard gauge for conventional lines
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